Mrs.Dewberry's Class

• Anaconda Plan- Union strategy during the Civil War which incorporated a plan to blockade Southern ports and capture the Mississippi River. It was called the Anaconda Plan as the strategy resembled an anaconda squeezing its prey to death.

• Andersonville- Infamous Civil War prisoner-of-war camp in Macon County, Georgia. Over 13,000 Union soldiers died in the camp.

• Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862) - Union victory; bloodiest one-day battle in the War.

• Battle of Atlanta (July 22, 1864)- Union victory; this one day battle allowed Union forces to inch closer to the city in the Atlanta Campaign; was not the battle that allowed Union Troops to occupy the city.

•  Battle of Chickamauga (September 18-20, 1863) - Confederate victory; largest battle fought in Georgia; led to the battle of Chattanooga.

• Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1864) - Union victory; turning point of the Civil War; the North repelled a Southern invasion into Pennsylvania.

• Blockade Runners- Private Southern ships that attempted to “break” the Union blockade and trade cotton with European countries for manufactured goods.

• Emancipation Proclamation- Document that declared all slaves in the rebellious states would be freed if the South did not return to the Union by January 1, 1863.

• Gettysburg Address (1863) - Speech given my President Abraham Lincoln to commemorate the Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg.

• Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign- Union military campaign led by William T. Sherman from May 1864-September 1864 with the Atlanta as the ultimate objective; Sherman’s army marched from Chattanooga to Atlanta.

• Baptist Church- One of the major Protestant denominations in GA; grew rapidly from 1790-1830.

• Camp Meetings- Religious and social gatherings used by the Methodist and Baptist churches to recruit members

• Louisville- Georgia’s third capital from 1796-1806; Named after King Louis XVI; laid out in 1786 as a prospective state capital since Savannah was considered too far from the center of the growing state; Selected as capital due to westward movement in the state.

• Methodist Church- One of the major Protestant denominations in Georgia; grew rapidly from 1790-1830

• University of Georgia- The first state sponsored public University in the United States in 1785.

• • Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) - Seventh president of the United States who was an advocate of Indian Removal.

  • Alexander McGillivray (1750-1793) - Creek chief who signed the Treaty of Indian Springs. Additionally, Chief Alexander McGillivray signed a deal with the U.S. Government that gave him a commission in the U.S. army along with trading rights.

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  • Cherokee Indians –Native American tribe that lived in northwestern Georgia; forcefully removed from the state in the early 1830s.

  •  Creek Indians-Native American tribe that lived in southern Georgia; was removed from the state through treaties in the 1820s.

  • Dahlonega Gold Rush-Site of America’s first gold rush in 1828; discovery of gold in the area was a factor in the Cherokee removal.

  • Indian Removal Act of 1830- Act signed into law by Andrew Jackson that required the removal of the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole to Indian Territory.

  • John Marshall (1755-1835)-Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme court who ruled in favor of the Cherokee in the Worcester vs. Georgia case; President Andrew Jackson refused to enforce the Supreme Court’s ruling.

  • John Ross (1790-1866) - Principal Chief of the Cherokee Indians who tried to use legal means to fight against removal.

  • Sequoyah (1770-1840) - George Gist, inventor of the Cherokee syllabary.

  • Syllabary- the written language of the Cherokee Indians. Within one generation after it was invented, over 90% of the tribe was literate in the language.

  • Trail of Tears- Final removal of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia in 1838; over 4,000 people died on the forced march from Georgia to Oklahoma.

  • Treaty of New Echota (1835) - A treaty between the U.S. Government and a minority representation of the Cherokee tribe that ceded all Cherokee land in the Southeast to the United States and allowed for their move to Indian territory (Oklahoma); three of the Cherokee signers of the treaty (Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot) were killed for signing over Cherokee land for personal profit.

  • Treaty of Indian Springs- An 1821 treaty signed by the Creek Indians and the United States that forced the Creek Nation to cede all of its lands east of the Flint River in Georgia.

  • Treaty of New York (1790)-Treaty signed by the Creek Indians and the United States government that ceded land to the United States in return for allowing Creeks to punish non-Indian trespassers on Creek land.

  • William McIntosh (1778-1825) - Creek chief who illegally signed the Second Treaty of Indian Springs; was murdered by his tribesmen for this action.

  • Worcester vs. Georgia (1832) - landmark Supreme Court case which declared that the Cherokee were sovereign and not subject to the laws of the United States. However, Andrew Jackson refused to enforce the Court’s decision and the Cherokee were later removed from Georgia.

• ·          American Revolution- War for independence fought between the 13 colonies and Great Britain.
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• ·          Analyze-To break into smaller parts.
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• ·          Boston Tea Party (1773)- An act of protest that occurred in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773; a group of colonists dressed as Indians dumped 342 chests of tea in Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act.
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• ·          Declaration of Independence (1776) - Document adopted by the Continental Congress that officially declared the colonies’ independence from Great Britain.
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• ·          First Continental Congress (1774) - The first convention of delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies that gathered to discuss the colonists’ reaction to the Intolerable Acts. 

• Describe-Tell about; tell all about 
• England – Wanted raw materials from the New World so they could manufacture goods.  These goods could then be sold to other countries.  This was known as mercantilism.  British also wanted to found a new colony to act as a “buffer” between British Carolina and Spanish Florida.
• Evaluate-Determine the value of; judge 
• Explain-Tell how; put in your own words 
• Exploration- The action of traveling in or through an unfamiliar area in order to learn about it. 
• France – Wanted gold.  
• Hernando De Soto – Spanish explorer.  Reached the modern day Florida and Georgia in 1540 while searching for gold.  De Soto used plated armor, war horses and war dogs to fight against the Native Americans he came across.  His soldiers also brought diseases, such as Small Pox, which killed large amounts of Native Americans.
• Spain – Wanted gold.  Also spread Catholicism through the mission they establis
•      Charity- The voluntary giving of help; typically to those in need.
• ·          Charter of 1732-Written permission from King George to James Oglethorpe to create the colony of Georgia.
• ·          Defense- Resistance against attack; protection.
• ·          Economics- The science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind.
• ·          James Oglethorpe-Founder of Georgia.
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• ·          Mary Musgrove- Used her connections to the British and Native Americans to help with communication, trading, and to help keep peace.
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• ·          Savannah-Formally known as Yamacraw Bluff; first settlement in Georgia
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• Tomochichi-(a Yamacraw Chief) Helped Oglethorpe to choose the location for his first settlement (Savannah).

•       - Renaissance

•       - Conquistador

•       - Gulf Stream

•       - Hernando de Soto

•       - Pedro Menendez de Aviles

•       - Jean Rebault

•       - Rene Goulaine de Laudoniere